Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Adam Khan
AKHAN Semiconductor, Inc., USA
Keynote: Nanocrystalline diamond based protective optical coatings for infrared windows
Time : 09:30-10:15
Biography:
Adam Khan is Founder and CEO of AKHAN Semiconductor. Mr. Khan has authored several patents and technical publications and is also a frequent speaker on Diamond Semiconductor and Clean Technology. As a result of his award-winning research, which he began as an Electrical Engineering student at age 19, he is co-inventor of the Miraj Diamond™ Platform. He has served as a speaker and expert witness to a variety of Federal bodies, including the US. House Space, Science, and Technology Committee and the US Department of Energy. Most recently, his work was recognized and individually honored by the United States Congress in the 114th Congressional Records and Proceedings. Adam earned his BS in Electrical Engineering and Physics from the University of Illinois Chicago, before pursuing graduate research at Stanford University. He has been everything from a Forbes 30 Under 30 honoree, to a CleanTech Open Midwest Innovation Summit winner.
Abstract:
Diamond has remarkable thermal and mechanical properties including extreme thermal conductivity, low thermal coefficient of expansion, hydrophobicity, chemical inertness, and ultra-hardness for scratch-resistance and durability. Coupled with high optical transmissivity over a broad wavelength range (UV-VIS-IR), these attributes make diamond an ideal protective coating for optical components and windows used in extreme environments. In this work we investigate the use of Nanocrystalline Diamond (NCD) based multi-layer structures for the protection of MWIR windows, an application that is critical for sustained sensor operation in extreme battlefield conditions. The effort incorporates layer designs based on measured optical constants and commercially available optical design software (Open Filters). Protective films deposited via CVD techniques on optical quality silicon substrates are characterized for mechanical and optical properties including hardness, stress, transmissivity, and optical constants. Measured results demonstrate NCD viability as a protective coating for a broad range of optical applications. The technology is compatible with large area scaling, low-temperature deposition on sensitive surfaces, and, in future adaptations, will support integrated transparent electronics.
Keynote Forum
Mohammadreza Heydartaemeh
Nano Mine Tech C., Iran
Keynote: Examination and measurement of the corrosion resistance rate of copper sulfide ore on nano high entropy alloy/graphene composite coating
Time : 10:45-11:30
Biography:
Mohammadreza Heydartaemeh has his expertise in mineral processing and advanced Nanotechnology. He improved the Nano size of hard coating materials (Advanced Nano High Entropy Alloys). He has been as a top Lecturer at the center of art & culture education applied science & technology at the University of Tehran. He has a great deal of work experience as a research scientist in various subjects related to “Nano Technology in Mineral Processing and Nano Powder produce. His scientific and industrial findings have been published in several conferences, 27 journal papers, and 31 patents which resulted in receiving several awards. Editor in Chief, Reviewer, and authoring at more than 100 Articles (More than 20 ISI Journal & Conference in the USA).
Abstract:
Hardening is a method for protecting metal equipment, metal tools, or important components against erosion, tension, and corrosion. In this respect, a thin layer of corrosion-resistant metal is welded on the surface of the workpiece. This process is very useful for improving resistance against abrasion and corrosion. As nanotechnology develops, one of the most important properties of materials, namely their surface resistance against destructive phenomena such as abrasion, impact, erosion, and corrosion, could be improved. Enjoying favorable abrasion resistance is considered as one of the most important indicators of piece-part quality in many industries. The useful life of piece-parts could be significantly increased by applying abrasion-resistant coatings, reducing repair or replacement costs associated with damaged parts subsequently. Besides, this process amounts to an inexpensive method in the production of parts and is economically justifiable. Abrasion- resistant coatings could be applied to mining equipment exposed to abrasion and impact. This study is focused on measuring the abrasion resistance of Nano high entropy alloy/Graphene Composite on Copper sulfide ore. This Nano coating is a modern method for hardening the ball and lining of mining grinding mills
Keynote Forum
Ram K Gupta
Pittsburg State University, USA
Keynote: Nanostructured carbons: Materials for the advanced future energy
Time : 11:30-12:15
Biography:
Ram Gupta is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at Pittsburg State University, USA. His research focuses on green energy production and storage using carbon, conducting polymers and composites, nanomaterials, optoelectronics and photovoltaics devices, organic-inorganic hetero-junctions for sensors, nanomagnetism, bio-based polymers, bio-compatible nanofibers for tissue regeneration, scaffold and antibacterial applications, bio-degradable metallic implants. He has published over 180 peer-reviewed journal articles, made over 200 national/international/regional presentations, chaired many sessions at national/international meetings, and received over 1.5million dollars for research and educational activities from external agencies such as NSF, DoE, KINBRE. He is serving as Associate Editor and editorial board member for various journals
Abstract:
Environmental and economic concerns have caused urgent transitions of fossil fuel-based automotive-vehicles to hybrid-vehicles and, now to fully electric vehicles. In general, the expected driving range of electric vehicles is dependent upon energy density of the batteries. Although batteries provide high energy density, they suffer from several drawbacks such as low power density, safety, limited life cycle, longer charging and discharging cycles, and recyclability. To overcome these drawbacks, supercapacitors are emerging as novel energy storage devices with significantly higher power density compared to batteries. For example, hybrid transit buses in China operate using supercapacitors packs, which estimates to provide improved fuel economy up to 30-50%. Using supercapacitors could also provide the additional advantage of energy regeneration while braking, instead of thermal loss and add to improved fuel economy. In this talk, we will report synthesis, characterization and energy applications of nanostructured carbon. Our research showed that various forms of carbon such as bio-waste derived carbon, graphene, composite of graphene could be used for energy storage as well as energy production via water splitting. Water splitting generates hydrogen which could be used as a green fuel. For example, carbon derived from tea leaves could for Li-ion supercapacitors. The energy storage capacity depends on the electrolyte and temperature. Carbon from tea showed a specific capacitance of 292 and 246F/g in 3M KOH and LiOH electrolyte, respectively with outstanding cyclic stability (100% capacitance retention up to 5,000 cycles). A supercapacitor device fabricated using bio-derived carbon should about 95% retention in charge storage capacity on increasing current density from 1 to 12mA/cm2, confirming high rate stability of the supercapacitor. It was further noted that charge storage capacity increases with increase in temperature. Our studies suggest that nanostructured carbon could be used for an electrode in next-generation energy storage and production devices.
- Speaker Session- Advanced 2D Materials | Semiconductor materials and Nanostructures | Graphene and other 2D materials | Graphene modification and functionalization | Carbon Materials in Energy | Applications of Synthetic Graphite and Natural Graphite
Location: International B
Chair
Richard A Clark
Morgan Advanced Materials, USA
Session Introduction
Junji Tominaga
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
Title: Giant multiferroic effects in topological GeTe/Sb2Te3 superlattices
Time : 14:00 - 14:30
Biography:
Junji Tominaga is a Prime Senior researcher in the Nanoelectronics Research Institute at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. He received his PhD degree from Cranfield University, UK, in 1991. After studying optical phase-change memory at TDK Corporation, he joined AIST in 1997. He was the director of the Center for Applied Near-Field Optics Research until 2009. His research focuses on phase-change materials and application. He is the inventor of the super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) and the interfacial phase-change memory (iPCM) device. He was awarded the S.R. Ovshinsky Lectureship Award in 2014. He is a Fellow of The Optical Society and a member of IOP.
Abstract:
Multiferroics is a keyword for future electronics. However, it is still difficult to induce large electrical and magnetic properties at room temperature. It relies on that electric dipole moments are usually related to p-electrons while the magnetic moments are to d-electrons. If a large magnetic moment is induced from p-electrons, giant multiferroics would be possible. A combination of a topological insulator and a ferroelectric insulator may open a new era to realize such the multifunctionality. Topological insulators, such as Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3, usually satisfy both spatial inversion and time reversal symmetry. The topological surface bands are mainly made of the band inversion of 6p- or 5p-electrons of Te, Sb, and Bi. On the other hand, GeTe is known as a ferroelectric material, which has a large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) compared with other oxide ferroelectric materials. Due to the large SOC, it shows a large Rashba-like spin split band. It is noted here that the existence of an electric dipole moment breaks the spatial inversion symmetry. If thin films of Sb2Te3 and GeTe are piled up alternatively, what happens on the band structure as the bulk film? Actually, both layers can share a lattice plane using (0001) and (111) through a van der Waals force. As the bulk film, the spatial inversion symmetry is broken. Therefore, plural Dirac cones appear apart from the Γ-point in the k-space, resulting in a Weyl semimetal. Weyl semimetals are magnetic sensitive because spin bands are lifted from the band degeneration. In the presentation, we show several experimental results of the Weyl semimetal from superlattices consisted of GeTe and Sb2Te3 sublayers at room temperature.
Toury Berangere
University of Lyon, France
Title: BNNS: Boron Nitride NanoSheets from large and highly-crystallized h-BN nanocrystals synthesized by a polymer route combined with a sintering process
Time : 14:30 - 15:00
Biography:
Berangere Toury is Assistant Professor at the University of Lyon. She got her permanent position in 2003 after 2 consecutive post-doctorates at the University of Hull (GB) and at the University Paris VI and a Ph.D. obtained in 2000, all in the chemistry of inorganic materials. Her research activity is focused on the design, the synthesis and the characterization of innovative inorganic or hybrid O/I materials (BN, SiO2, CeO2…) using polymer routes. She has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and she is co-inventor of 7 patterns.
Abstract:
Prompted by the rising star of graphene, 2D nanomaterials are now a hot issue in the scientific world. Among them, the h-BN nanosheet (BNNS), consisting of thin atomic layers made of B and N atoms covalently bounded, is particularly relevant. Actually, BNNS has shown to be an excellent gate dielectric support for graphene and other two-dimensional materials owing to its atomically smooth surface, high thermal conductivity and stability combined with high mechanical strength. Compared with conventional SiO2 substrate, lattice matching and absence of dangling bonds make BNNS and graphene excellent pairing materials and give the incentive to develop various Van der Waals heterostructures. However, it has to be pointed out that such applications cannot be put into use without high purity large BNNSs. In order to achieve high quality and large BNNSs, we propose a novel synthesis way by the Polymer Derived Ceramics (PDCs) route involving polyborazylene as a precursor, combined with the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). This promising approach allows synthesizing pure and well-crystallized h-BN flakes, which can be easily exfoliated into BNNSs. Here we present recent investigations on how to optimize the process, considering the influences of both sintering temperature (1200°C to 1950°C) and crystallization promoter ratio (0 to 10wt%) on h-BN. Structural studies were led by TEM and Raman spectroscopy. Both methods evidence a very high crystalline quality attested by the LWHM value, 7cm-1, as the best reported in the literature. More original characterizations were carried out by cathodoluminescence to prove the high BNNSs purity from both chemical and structural point of view.
Qing Tu
Northwestern University, USA
Title: Mechanical properties of 2D materials: The role of interfaces and structure property relationship
Time : 15:00 - 15:30
Biography:
Qing Tu is an expert on solid mechanics, 2D materials and scanning probe microscopy. His PhD research focuses on the interfacial properties of 2D materials and heterostructures by scanning probe microscopy, which won the outstanding dissertation award from Pratt School of Engineering at Duke University. He is currently a postdoc at Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization and Experimental (NUANCE) center. He is investigating the structure-property relationship of 2D hybrid organic inorganic perovskites and developing novel scanning probe microscopy techniques for nano- and bio-materials characterizations.
Abstract:
2D materials, e.g., graphene, and heterostructures have extraordinary properties compared to their 3D counterparts and have great potential for a broad range of applications, including flexible electronic devices, nanocomposites, and transistors. The mechanical properties of 2D materials and heterostructures are both fundamentally and practically important to achieve both high performance and mechanically stable (flexible) devices. The in-plane mechanical properties of 2D materials are primarily dominated by the in-plane bonds in the materials while the out-of-plane mechanical properties are significantly affected by the interfaces between 2D materials and other materials (e.g., substrates). We first develop a first-principles calibrated contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM), which is sensitive to mechanical property change arising from one atomic layer difference and is very powerful to investigate the interfacial defects in 2D materials and heterostructures. The measured nanomechanical property can be quantitatively correlated to the local atomic structure through a combined ab initio and continuum mechanics simulations. Furthermore, we discover that the out-of-plane mechanical properties of graphene can be engineered through self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in the graphene-substrate interfaces. The surface energy of SAMs can be used to modulate the number of water molecules at the graphene-SAM interface, which affects the graphene-SAM interaction strength and the pecking order of SAMs. We further discover the out-of-plane mechanical properties of 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) depend on the structural parameters of the materials. Finally, the in-plane mechanical properties of 2D HOIPs are a function of the thickness due to interfacial sliding.
Christiana Agbo
Cape Coast Technical University, Ghana
Title: A review on the mechanism of pigment dispersion and its application to liquid phase exfoliation and dispersion of graphene
Time : 16:00 - 16:30
Biography:
Christiana Agbo is a research-oriented and hardworking Textiles Engineer with expertise in pigments, dispersants, and the dispersion process. She has a great passion for impacting through teaching and research works. Her ability to identify and solve problems based on research and a good sense of observation creates new pathways for improving faulted processes in the field of pigment dispersion mechanisms and its application for obtaining desired results for the desired end use. She has over the years built a great deal of experience in research and teaching in the educational field. Having attended key educational conferences such as the International Symposium of Functional Textiles as well as co-authored research articles published in key journals, she has gathered great resources for the development of the textile industry. Her main research focuses on dispersant synthesis, pigment dispersion, ink formation, advance fabric finishing, application of inks on various fabric types and digital printing.
Abstract:
In the quest of ensuring successful pigment dispersion, additives are used to aid dispersion and stabilization of pigment particles through attraction forces of various chemical nature including van der Waals and “liquid bridge” forces as well as anchor groups with high affinity for pigment surface. On the other hand, dispersion efficiency is significantly dependent on the effectiveness of various dispersion equipment and their energy transfer, dispersion force, and effectiveness. The common denominator for all this equipment is that; dispersion is achieved by shearing forces produced by the application of high positive and negative attrition. This presentation reviews and explores the nature and the significance of the various methods and forces in pigment dispersion and the various stabilization mechanisms adopted in producing stably fine pigment particles, dispersion application as well as future prospects. In addition, it explores how these mechanisms might apply to liquid-phase exfoliation and dispersion of graphene and other nanomaterial.
Richard A Clark
Morgan Advanced Materials, USA
Title: How judicious selection and application of d block metal ions in electrochemical exfoliation of graphite can help transition graphene production from the laboratory to commercial use in energy storage
Time : 16:30 - 17:00
Biography:
Morgan Advanced Materials (LSE: MGAM) is a UK-headquartered global manufacturer of specialized engineered products made from carbon, advanced ceramics and composites. It was the first European strategic partner for the graphene activities at the University of Manchester National Graphene Institute (NGI), Morgan being recognized by Manchester for having the product engineering and design expertise required to commercialize the materials developed at the NGI. After being educated as a chemical engineer, Richard Clark has been with Morgan for over 30 years, developing and commercializing materials across the spectrum of Morgan’s portfolio, most recently focusing on materials related to energy. Richard was part of Morgan’s team engaged with the University of Cambridge developing electrolytically produced carbon nanomaterials and has continued his involvement in this field in collaboration with Morgan’s team at the Manchester NGI.
Abstract:
Since the groundbreaking article in Science in October 2004 describing the occurrence, isolation and potential significance of graphene, there has been a huge interest in developing industrially scalable methods of manufacture from bottom-up and top-down routes. One such top-down route developed for the mass manufacture of graphene involves electrochemical exfoliation. This can be conducted in anodic (oxidative) and cathodic (reductive) regimens, with the latter previously considered more suitable for production of higher quality (containing fewer defects) graphene, but hindered by lower efficiency and yield. Generating a high- quality graphene product using an anodic process would therefore be of huge value in potential commercialization. Previous work has shown that graphene prepared by electrochemical exfoliation can be simultaneously functionalized with groups tailored to improve solubility in aqueous systems and with metal nanostructures, specifically various morphologies of gold and cobalt, which show high catalytic activity and stability when used as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions. This presentation shows how, using selected transition metal ions such as cobalt (Co2+) and iron (Fe3+), high-quality (low oxygen, more conductive and with few layers) graphene can be produced using an anodic electrochemical exfoliation route. Additionally, it shows how other transition metal ions such as ruthenium (Ru3+) and manganese (Mn2+) can be used as metal oxide decorators. Certain hybrid structures can be uniformly grown on the graphene sheets in a single process and the product is an efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting and a high-performance electrode for supercapacitors (specific capacitance demonstrated over 520 Fg-1). This method also provides an elegant means of utilizing the pseudocapacitance of ruthenium dioxide (RuO2).
Larry G. Christner
LGC Consultants LLC, USA
Title: Molecular probe characterization of microporous carbons
Time : 17:00 - 17:30
Biography:
Larry G. Christner received his Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University in 1972 followed by 5 years at United Technologies Corporation working on carbon deposition in steam reforming and materials development for fuel cells. He spent the next 23 years at Fuel Cell Energy starting as manager of materials science and was later promoted as Vice President. He retired in 2001 and started LGC Consultants LLC.
Abstract:
Microporous and mesoporous carbons are excellent materials for any energy applications. As capacitors, they exhibit high power, a large life cycle, high reliability, and low cost. Coconut shell carbons dominate this market because of their low cost. The large surface areas of these carbons also make them useful in many adsorption and catalytic systems. The pore structure of these carbons allows special selective processes to be carried out such as separation of O2/N2, CO2/H2O, Butene/Isobutene, and many other processes. The detailed parameters of each process play an important role in the selectivity and effectiveness of the process. In the work presented, some of the most important parameters are discussed for microporous and saran fibers at temperatures from 200C to 1000C. These materials exhibited adsorption characteristics of 4Å and 5Å molecular sieves. Activated diffusion is shown to be the dominant factor for the exclusion of specific molecules. The dynamic size and shape of the molecules determine the observed amount of adsorption at a specific time and temperature. It can be concluded that when the molecular dimensions are close to the size and shape of the pores, the most important factors that determine the observed adsorption are time, temperature, relative pressure, and the diffusion path length.